` 30 D. Mazieres REFERENCES ´ EduardoA.Alchieri, Alysson Neves Bessani, Joni Silva Fraga, and Fabıola Greve. 2008. Byzantine Consensus with Unknown Participants. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems. 22–40. JamesAspnes.2010.AModularApproachtoShared-memoryConsensus,withApplicationstothe Probabilistic-write Model. In Proceedings of the 29th Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 460–467. Rachel Banning-Lover. 2015. Boatfuls of cash: how do you get money into fragile states? (February 2015). http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/feb/19/boatfuls- of-cash-how-do-you-get-money-into-fragile-states. David Basin, Cas Cremers, Tiffany Hyun-Jin Kim, Adrian Perrig, Ralf Sasse, and Pawel Szalachowski. 2014. ARPKI: Attack Resilient Public-Key Infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 382–393. Michael Ben-Or. 1983. Another Advantage of Free Choice (Extended Abstract): Completely Asynchronous AgreementProtocols. In Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 27–30. Joseph Bonneau, Andrew Miller, Jeremy Clark, Arvind Narayanan, Joshua A. Kroll, and Edward W. Felten. 2015. Research Perspectives and Challenges for Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies. In Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. Gabriel Bracha and Sam Toueg. 1985. Asynchronous Consensus and Broadcast Protocols. Journal of the ACM32,4(Oct.1985),824–840. DannyBradbury.2013.Feathercoin hit by massive attack. (June 2013). http://www.coindesk.com/feathercoin-hit-by-massive-attack/. Vitalik Buterin. 2014. Slasher: A Punitive Proof-of-Stake Algorithm. (January 2014). https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/01/15/slasher-a-punitive-proof-of-stake-algorithm/. Miguel Castro and Barbara Liskov. 1999. Practical byzantine fault tolerance. In Proceedings of the 3rd SymposiumonOperatingSystemsDesignandImplementation.173–186. CGAP.2008.MakingMoneyTransfersWorkforMicrofinanceInstitutions.(March2008). http://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/CGAP-Technical-Guide-Making-Money-Transfers-Work- for-Microfinance-Institutions-A-Technical-Guide-to-Developing-and-Delivering-Money- Transfers-Mar-2008.pdf. David D. Clark, John Wroclawski, Karen R. Sollins, and Robert Braden. 2005. Tussle in Cyberspace: DefiningTomorrow’sInternet. IEEE/ACMTransactions on Networking 13, 3 (June 2005), 462–475. crazyearner. 2013. TERRACOIN ATTACKOVER1.2THATTACKCONFIRMD[sic].(July2013). https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=261986.0. KouroshDavarpanah,DanKaufman,andOpheliePubellier.2015.NeuCoin:theFirstSecure, Cost-efficient and Decentralized Cryptocurrency. (March 2015). http://www.neucoin.org/en/whitepaper/download. Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Peter Van Oudheusden. 2015. The Global Findex Database 2014 Measuring Financial Inclusion Around the World. Policy Research Working Paper 7255. World Bank. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2015/ 04/15/090224b082dca3aa/1_0/Rendered/PDF/The0Global0Fin0ion0around0the0world.pdf. JohnR.Douceur.2002.TheSybilAttack.InRevisedPapersfromtheFirstInternational Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems. 251–260. Cynthia Dwork, Nancy Lynch, and Larry Stockmeyer. 1988. Consensus in the Presence of Partial Synchrony. Journal of the ACM 35, 2 (April 1988), 288–323. Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor. 1992. Pricing via Processing or Combatting Junk Mail. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology. 139–147. ¨ Ittay Eyal and Emin Gun Sirer. 2013. Majority is not Enough: Bitcoin Mining is Vulnerable. (November 2013). http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.0243. Michael J. Fischer, Nancy A. Lynch, and Michael S. Paterson. 1985. Impossibility of Distributed Consensus with One Faulty Process. Journal of the ACM 32, 2 (April 1985), 374–382. GhassanO.Karame,ElliAndroulaki,andSrdjanCapkun.2012.Double-spendingfastpaymentsinbitcoin. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security. 906–917. Tiffany Hyun-Jin Kim, Lin-Shung Huang, Adrian Perring, Collin Jackson, and Virgil Gligor. 2013. Accountable Key Infrastructure (AKI): A Proposal for a Public-key Validation Infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web. 679–690.